vps部署prometheus+grafana监控系统

前言

这台vps主机购买后，一直想装个监控系统，今晚忙里偷闲，开搞~
考察了业内呼声甚高的skywalking, 虽然知道是好东西，但太重，一台实例犯不着折腾。
为了节省时间，直接上prometheus， 优点是简单易用，功能强大，方便grafana集成。
其中，prometheus和node_exporter均在宿主机安装，grafaner使用docker安装。

准备工作

• 创建用户和相关目录

  groupadd prometheus
  useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g prometheus prometheus
  mkdir /etc/prometheus
  mkdir -p /opt/prometheus/data
  chown -R prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus
  chown -R /opt/prometheus

安装prometheus

• 登录地址： https://prometheus.io/download/， 找到文件 “prometheus-2.48.0-rc.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz”, 使用wget命令下载即可。

• 安装命令

  # 解压
  tar -zxvf prometheus-2.48.0-rc.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
  cd prometheus-2.48.0-rc.0.linux-amd64
  sudo cp prometheus /usr/local/bin/
  chmod +x  /usr/local/bin/prometheus
  cp ./prometheus.yml /etc/prometheus/

• 修改配置文件/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml

  # my global config
  global:
    scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
    evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
    # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).
  
  # Alertmanager configuration
  alerting:
    alertmanagers:
      - static_configs:
          - targets:
            # - alertmanager:9093
  
  # Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
  rule_files:
    # - "first_rules.yml"
    # - "second_rules.yml"
  
  # A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
  # Here it's Prometheus itself.
  scrape_configs:
    # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
    - job_name: "prometheus"
  
      # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
      # scheme defaults to 'http'.
  
      static_configs:
        - targets: ["localhost:9100"]

• 设置systemd启动, 创建文件： /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service

  [Unit]
  Description=Prometheus Server
  Documentation=https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/
  After=network-online.target
  
  [Service]
  User=prometheus
  Group=prometheus
  Restart=on-failure
  ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/prometheus \
    --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
    --storage.tsdb.path=/opt/prometheus/data \
    --storage.tsdb.retention.time=30d
  ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
  
  [Install]
  WantedBy=multi-user.target

• 启动进程

  systemctl daemon-reload
  systemctl start prometheus.service
  systemctl status prometheus.service
  # 如启动失败，查看错误信息
  journalctl -xe

安装node_exporter

• 配置应用

  # 解压
   tar -zxvf node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
   cd node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64
   sudo cp node_exporter /usr/local/bin
   sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/node_exporter

• 配置systemd

  cat /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
  
  # 内容如下：
  [Unit]
  Description=node exporter service
  Documentation=https://prometheus.io
  After=network.target
  
  [Service]
  Type=simple
  User=root
  Group=root
  ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/node_exporter  
  # 有特殊需求的可以在后面指定参数配置
  Restart=on-failure
  
  [Install]
  WantedBy=multi-user.target

• 重载和启动进程

  systemctl daemon-reload
  systemctl start node_exporter
  systemctl status node_exporter

安装grafana

• 使用docker安装过程

  # 拉取镜像
  docker pull grafana/grafana
  # 后台启动
  docker run -d --name=grafana -p 3000:3000 grafana/grafana

• 登录系统，配置数据源
  grafana使用docker容器安装，要访问宿主机上的数据源。
  执行命令ifconfig， 看到docker0网桥地址为172.17.0.1，即为grafana数据源的前缀地址。
  
  配置grafana数据源
  
  验证数据源
  
  上传模板，自动生成dashboard